Superheater



J. P.- BADENHAUSEN.

SUPERHEATER.

APPLICATION lFILED MAY27, 191s.

1,404,565, Patented Jan. 24,1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

I. P. BADEINHAUSEN.

SUPRHEATER. APPIIcATIoN FILED MAY 21. 1916.

1 ,404,565. Patented Jan. 24, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2| Il?. I, u' l: am l/Y* 5.4/k

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN' P. BADENHAUSENpOF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

SUPERHEATER.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jan, 24, 1922o Applicationfiled May 27, 1 916. Serial No. 100,267.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN l?. BADEN- HAUSEN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia andState of Pennsylvania, have invented new and useful Improvements inSuperheaters, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the application of superheaters to water-tubeboilers, and its principal object is to locate the superheater, orsuperheaters if more than one be used, 1n such a way as to bring thesuperheating sul'- faces into more intimate contact with the furnaceheat than has been previously accomplished.

Another object of the invention is to provide means whereby the steamfrom the boiler is, before entering the superheater,

\ deprived of all entrained water so that the superheater will beemployed for superheating only, instead of for evaporating entrainedwater as is the case in the various forms of superheaters hitherto ingeneral use.

With the above and other objects in view,

the improvement resides in the construction,

combination and arrangement of parts set forth in the followingspecification.

In the'drawings- Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view taken through awater tube boiler and illustrating the application of the superheateremployed in the present invention and its location with respect to thevarious parts of the boiler,

Figure 2 is a similar view illustrating a modified form of boiler anddisclosing the connection of the superheater therewith,

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 illustrating a still furthermodified form of associating the superheater with the steam drum of theboiler, and

Figure 4 is another modified form of superheater construction.

Similar characters of reference denote corresponding parts throughoutall the views of the drawings.

While the drawings disclose water tube boilers having slightly differingdetails of construction, it should be understood that the novelty in thepresent invention resides in the location of the superheater thereforand that the same is applicable to other forms of boilers. Said boilershowever, have been fully described and set forth in my co-pendingpatentA- application, bearing Serial No. 81977, led March 3rd, 1916, andNo. 85124,

filed March 18th, 1916, and the superheater comprising the presentinvention is preferably used in conjunction with the aforesaidapplications. Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings a superheater B ispositioned within the walls of a boiler C, the latter in this instanceconsisting of a plurality of water drums 1, connected by banks of waterconducting tubes 2, which comprise a water circulating and a steamgenerating system of the boiler. The superheater B employed in thepresent invention v is substantially Vshaped in contour and consists oftransversely extending headers 3,- which are connected by the banks oftubes 4. It should be understood, however, that any other type ofsuperheater, other than a superheater B, may be used as well, regardlessof the arrangement of the headers 3 and the connecting tubes 4, orwhether the steam ows in series or in parallel through said tubes 4f, asthis invention is not concerned with the detailed design or type ofsuperheater, but deals more particularly to its location with referenceto the parts of the types of boilers shown, and in the manner in whichheat is brought into contact with the superheating surface thereof.

The tubes 2 positioned immediately above the grate 5, are provided ontheir upper side, at a point'contiguous to the lower drum 1, with a. gasdirecting baie wall 6, extending parallel to the tubes and terminatingin a vertically extending baffle wall 7. Thus arranged the gases ofcombustion pass directly over the superheating tubes 4, as shown, andthus the superheating surfaces abstract from said gases the amount ofsensible heat represented by the difference in .temperature between thegases when reaching and leaving the superheaterI B. By my combination ofparts I accomplish a result entirely new, in that there is on bafelocated between the fuel bed or grate 5 and the superheating surface,hence, such radiant heat from the fuel bed as passes between the rows ofwater tubes 2 between the superheater yand the fire can impinge directlyupon the superheating surface, thus greatly increasing theireffectiveness. Attention at this point is called to the Reissue PatentNo. 12128, to J. P. Sneddon, June 30th, 1903. The construction disclosedin this patent has particular reference to a bafe interposed between thefurnace and the superheater 2, and it will be apparent 1077117, to JohnE. Bell, October 28th,.

1913, in which the boiler is so constructed that the superheater willreceive heat in substantially the same manner as in the above 'mentionedpatent, and if the baffle is removed the gases will also be shortcircuited.

It'is a fact well known to those versed in the art, that if asuperheater receives from the boiler steam carrying entrained water, ortree water in the form of spray, or priming as it is technically called,such water is frequently carried bodily along by the steam, as it comesto the superheater and swept on to the steam mains, instead of beingevaporated. The film of ste-am in contact with the superheating surfacesbecomes quickly superheated, and its volume is proportionatelyincreased, so that its velocity is correspondingly increased, while thevelocity of wet steam in and about the center of the tube is not soaugmented. The effeet of this being to concentrate the tree water into athin stream or pencil in the center of the tube where it tails tocontact with the superheating surface, and thus passes through thesuperheater unevaporated. This construction or etlecthas been clearlyset forth in my co-pending application covering a detailed constructionof a superheater. Due to the facts concerning superheaters, above setforth, hitherto in general use, it may be stated that it is Jfor thisreason that some superheater manufacturers refuse to guarantee theaction of their superheaters in case the steam delivered to them from aboiler contains over one per cent of moisture. The present inventionprovides means whereby this trouble is entirely overcome, in a manner tobe presently described.

.Referring to Figure 2 of the drawing, the boiler therein illustrated isidentical 4with the torni disclosed in Figure 1 with the eX- ceptioii ofadding a steam outlet drum and means being provided between the overheaddrum 2, of the boiler and the steam Outlet drum to snpeiheat the steam,so as to relieve it of moisture, before entering the superheater B. Thepipe 11 connects the steam outlet drum with. the upper header 3, of thesuperheater, whereby the steam will flow troni the outlet drum to theheader 12 and will then circulate through the V- shaped tubes 4 to alower header 8. An outlet pipe 9 is connected to the lower header 8 and`is employed to conduct steam from the superheater to any suitablepoint. By

providing the steam conducting pipes between the upper drum 2a and thesteam outlet drum, the superheater B is relieved of all necessity ofevaporating any moisture in the steam, as the steam entering the samewill contain no moisture, consequently none can be carri-ed over to thesteam outlet pipe or main 9.

Where a lower degree of superheat may be desired than would normally beexpected with a superheater placed as in Figures 1 and 2, I position thesuperheater B as shown in Figure 3. In this form the dried orsuperheated steam from the steam drum 11 passes through a pipe 12 to asuperheater C', which is disposed on a hi her horizontal plane than thesuperheater and is of similar construction, with the exception that `thesuperheater C is reversely positioned with respectto the superheater B.The superheater C'may, itdesired, be connected to the steam outlet pipe13 of the boiler D. As shown, the superheater C is located between `thesecond bank ofltubes 14 of the boiler D and the overcomer orsuper-heating tubes 15 thereof, said superheater C may be of anyconvenient Idesign and the one shown has been employed for purposes ofillustration only, as the present invention relates more particularly tothe location of superheaters within a boiler and not to the method ofconstructing the same.

There a very high degree of superheat is needed and it is desirable toobtain this in stages,use is made-of the superheater C as -instdescribed in series with the superheater B7 this construction beingfully illustrated in Figure 3, and as shown the steam is conveyed fromthe lower header 16 ofthe superheater C to the upper header 17 of thesuperheater B by means of a conducting pipe 18. The lower header 19 ofthe superheater B is connected with the outlet pipe 13.`

It is obvious however, that the double arrangement of superheater asdisclosed in Figure may be applied with equal facility to the boiler asillustrated in Figure 1 and that the principle of operation thereof willnot be affected in any way and will operate with equal efiiciency, theonly difference being that the steam introduced into the superheaterwill not be relieved of moisture, :is this feature can only beaccomplished by the superheating` tubes 15.

In Figure 4 there has been illustrated another forni of boilercomprising six drums connected by banks of tubes in substantially themanner shown. but it is evident that this boiler is merely composed oftwo boilers. such as are shown in Figures 2 and 3, placed front tofront, each using a water drum and a receiving drinn in common, but thatthe gas passages, location of superheater, and

novel features have been obtained. Firstly, the elimination of moisturefrom steam be' fore reaching the superheater proper. Secondly,` asuperheater positioned above one bank of water tubes and below a? secondbank, thus arranged for free passage of the gases over the superheatingsurface. Thirdly, a superheater provided in the vspace above the saidsecond bank of Water tubes and arranged below a bank of overcomer tubes.Fourthly, to pre-superheat the steam before it enters the separatesuperheaters, and in either tWo or three stages to bring the superheatup to any desired temperature. Fifthly, the elimination of baiiiesbetween the lower superheater and the furnace to enable the superheaterto absorb radiant heat directly from the fuel bed.

'Having described the claim?,-

In a steam generating and superheating invention, I'

system, the combination of a Water tube boiler comprising lower andupper Water drums, a steam-and-Water drum and a receiving drum, a bankof tubes connecting said lower and upper drums and located above thefuel bed of said boiler, a second bank of tubes connecting said upperwater drum with said steam-and-water drum, a third bank of tubesconnecting the latter drum with 'said lower water drum, a plurality ofsteam conveying-and-superheating tubes connecting said steam-andLwaterdrum to said receiving drum, a superheater located between the saidsteam conveying-andsuperheating tubes and the second bank of watertubes, a second superheater placed above the first bank of water tubesand be low Athe second banko'f Water tubes, means for connecting saidsuperheaters in series, said superheaters comprising sets of headersrespectively located between said steam conveying-and-superheating tubesand said second bank of tubes and between said first and second bank oftubes and connected bent tubes to each set of headers with portionsthereof respectively parallel to 'said steam conveying-and-superheatingtubes and said second bank of tubes and to said first and second bank oftubes respectively, whereby steam flows successively through saidportions of said tubes for successive superheat thereof, and means forconnecting said first superheater to said receivingdrum.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature in presence of a witness. Y

JOHN P. BADENHAUSEN. Witness:

AMY B., HORN.

